Cotton breeding is a research area focused on improving the genetics of cotton plants to enhance their yield, quality, and resistance to pests and diseases. This involves selecting and crossing different cotton varieties to create new hybrids with desirable traits such as high fiber quality, drought tolerance, and insect resistance. Researchers in this field use a combination of traditional breeding techniques and molecular genetics to develop new cotton varieties that are better suited to the needs of farmers and the textile industry. The ultimate goal of cotton breeding is to develop varieties that can thrive in various environmental conditions and produce higher yields of cotton fiber.